Annual Conference on Nanoscience, Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials November 26-27, 2018 Bali,Indonesia

Biography:

Martin Falk has completed his PhD from Masaryk University in Brno, CR. He is the Leader of the Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology at the Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Brno, CR). He has participated in more than 30 papers that concern the role of chromatin structure in regulation of cellular processes. Other research interests include DNA damage and repair, carcinogenesis, tumor cells radio-sensitization and radiobiology.

Abstract:

Selective targeting of radiation effects to tumors represents a fundamental challenge in radiotherapy. Metal nanoparticles, such as gadolinium, gold, or platinum nanoparticles are preferentially internalized by tumor cells and have been recognized to locally amplify the radiation dose upon irradiation. Hence, nanoparticles delivered in tumor cells might increase tumor-specificity and efficiency of radiotherapy at the same time. The physical mechanisms related to the radiation dose amplification by nanoparticles have been already well described; however, cellular structures targeted by nanoparticles remain unknown. The DNA molecule is the most sensitive and critical cell structure in the cell concerning the effects of ionizing radiation. Hence, a crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radio-sensitization exerted by gadolinium and other nanoparticles. In this work, we studied the effect of 3 nm gadolinium based nanoparticles (GdBNs) on the induction and repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with g-rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSB detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immune-detection of two independent DSB markers, gH2AX and 53BP1. Additional data for Au and Pt nanoparticles will be also presented. Our experiments brought about quite surprising results. In the conditions where GdBNs amplify the radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm and their influence on DSB induction and repair is only insignificant. This suggests that the radio-sensitization mediated by GdBNs and potentially other nanoparticles (of defined parameters) is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage (a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects). On the other hand, AuNPs somehow increased DNA damage; however, biological relevance of this damage has to be further studied. Based on recognized intracellular localization of nanoparticles studied, we hypothesize about possible DNA and non-DNA targets for (some) nanoparticles.

Biography:

Dr. Leo Bey Fen is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM). She obtained her PhD from the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN), Imperial College London (UK) in 2015. She is the current consultant at the Electron Microscopy Services, Central Unit of Advanced Research Imaging (CENTUARI), UM. She is also an associate research member at Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT). Her research interest includes synthesis and characterisation of nanomaterials, functionalisation and applications of nanomaterials (e.g. biosensors for pathogen or toxin identification, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, nanomagnetic gloves) and nanosafety & toxicology assessment of nanomaterials.

Abstract:

The increasing production volume of Engineered Nano-Materials (ENMs) has raised concerns about possible toxicological and environmental issues. For this reason, there is a need to assess the interaction of ENMs with biological systems for early prediction of their cytotoxicity. Adequate physicochemical characterization of ENMs prior to the toxicity assessment and selection of appropriate doses in toxicological studies are paramount to correlate their properties with biological action. In the context of respirable NPs, the interactions with both lung lining fluid components and local cell populations will determine the effects on cell metabolism and lung function. There is a lack of information in the literature about the interactions between silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) and pulmonary cells. In particular, data on cellular uptake, measurements of particle dissolution or intracellular chemical transformations to the AgNMs are missing, making it difficult to separate the roles of the particle and Ag⁺ ion release effects in mediating biological effects and hence to predict the long term bio-persistence of this class of nanomaterial. Our studies aim to highlight the need to consider the interaction of AgNPs with different sizes and surface coatings, access the pulmonary tissues which can be linked to the pulmonary’s disease. Interaction of AgNMs with pulmonary cells, as well as their uptake, cytotoxicity and processing inside cells were investigated using different correlative imaging techniques. The findings demonstrated that interaction between Ag⁺ ions and sulphide species leads to transformation of the surface chemistry of AgNMs, limiting short-term toxicity effects in the cellular environment. In order to manipulate and optimize particular NPs features with favorable bio-availability and bio-distribution, not only NP uptake into cells, but also a fundamental understanding of the NPs-protein complex is necessary.

Biography:

Dwi Sabda Budi Prasetya has complete his Master from Gadjah Mada University. He is a Lecturer in Physics Education Departement of IKIP 

Abstract:

Nanofiber has been widely used in various applications including agriculture, biomedical, pharmaceutical and many other industries. In this study, nanofiber chitosan/PVA is utilised as an adsorbent for gold recovery due to its superior properties to adsorb metal ions from a solution. This research aims to investigate the efficiency of gold recovery by using nanofibaer chitosan/PVA. Several adsorption isotherm models including Langmuir and Freundlich are employed to evaluate the experimental data. It is found that Freundlich offers the best model for this study with parameters. It also indicates that biosorption process of gold in the nanofiber chitosan/PVA is a multilayer in heterogen surface and physical proce

Biography:

Chia-Hsing Wu has received his PhD in Electro-Optical Engineering from Tatung University (Taiwan) in 2015. He joins the 2D materials group as postdoctoral researcher of Center for Semiconductor Technology Research in National Chiao Tung University in 2018. His current research interests are in the synthesis technology of 2D semiconductors (TMDs) for low power logic device applications.

Abstract:

Two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide (InSe) has attracted considerable attention due to the large tunability in the band gap (from 1.4 to 2.6 eV) and high carrier mobility. In this study, InSe thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy. A phase transformation between γ-In2Se3 and InSe was observed when indium vapor pressure ratios were adjusted under TSe 198 ℃ and Tsub 560 ℃. When the in cell temperature (TIn) set at 690 to 730 ℃, γ-In2Se3 was dominated, while TIn>740 ℃, the γ-In2Se3 and InSe will coexist. In order to purify the crystalline into pure InSe phase, we used a post treatment with In flux on grown films surface at TIn of 740 ℃ and Tsub 560 ℃ for 3~50 min and then keep the temperature for 30 min. The intensity of InSe phonon mode at 266 cm^-1 was strongly related with the treatment period. Hexagonal InSe with layered structure would be promising for 2D semiconductor application.

Biography:

Sahin Uyaver has completed his PhD from Potsdam University, Germany. He has been working mainly computational researches on biophysical systems. Currently he is a Member of the Faculty of Science at Turkish-German University of Istanbul.

Abstract:

In this work we have analyzed the nanostructures formed by tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, which have aromatic rings, in our molecular dynamics simulations. We have focused on the similarities and differences of these structures. The simulations are done by using Gromacs Molecular Dynamics simulation software. The force field chosen is OPLS-AA force field. The water molecules are included by TIP3P explicit water molecules. After NVT and NPT equilibration runs we have simulated the systems minimum up to 300 ns. The Berendsen thermostat kept temperature constant and the Parrinello-Rahman algorithm held the pressure at 1 bar. The integration step for all simulations was 2 fs. We have seen that concentration, temperature and acidity play an important role in obtaining the nanostructures. The structures seen are aggregated ones, crsytal-like one and 4-fold tubular ones. In each case of the pure systems the occurrences of these structures are often at different set of parameters. There are some differences of the structures with respect to the stability of the formed structure and the time to reach the equilibration. Furthermore, differently from our previous works, we have seen that one finds the structural similarities and differences between of the pure systems.

Biography:

Sabrina Conoci has received the Master of Science in Industrial Chemistry cum laude from the University of Bologna (Italy) in 1995 and has obtained her PhD in Engineering of Materials from the University of Lecce (Italy) in 2001 working one year at the University of Ottawa (Canada). Since 1999, she has been with STMicroelectronics, Catania (Italy), covering several R&D positions in the field of nano-molecular Devices, Biosensors and Biotechnologies. She is currently R&D Manager of the Advanced Sensor Technologies team. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journalism, 15 international patents and more than 100 communications to international congresses.

Abstract:

Graphene Oxide (GO) is a low cost material having a wide range of potential uses in many research areas, including energy storage, nano-electronics, molecular bio-sensing and catalysis. GO is a hydrophilic, water-dispersible biocompatible compound. Due to its sheet-like structure, GO has a very large surface area and the presence of hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl groups on its surface enables its easy functionalization. The two external surfaces are ideal for drug loading through chemical conjugation or physical interaction, reaching values close to 200%, considerably higher than those observed for nanoparticles or other drug delivery systems. Due to its peculiarities, GO nano-therapeutic platforms carrying bioactive compounds ranging from small drug molecules to high molecular weight bioactive compounds such as antibodies, polynucleotides and proteins has been recently deeply investigated. In this contribution, we report a GO covalently bounded with a nitroaniline derivative nitric oxide (NO) photo-donor. This hybrid nano-platform is able to combine light-controlled NO release with photo-thermia when simultaneously irradiated with blue and green light, resulting in a bimodal bactericidal action against Escherichia coli.

Biography:

Ms Navjeet Kaur is pursuing her Ph.D. from R. Ruia College, Mumbai in an interdisciplinary area of Nanoscience. She has three publications in peer reviewed journals arising from her previous project works. She is currently working on functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles and their use in biomedicine technology.

Abstract:

Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with well defined, homogeneous mono-dispersed structure with symmetric core, an inner and outer shell. The make a suitable choice to coat SPIONs Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs, Fe₃O₄).

SPIONs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method using microwave synthesiser which enhances the rate of synthesis and chemical reactions. The surface of these SPIONs was modified by 3-amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES) for dendrimer coating which improves magnetic properties and size distribution. Dendrimers were synthesised using divergent method of synthesis. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is coated to Fe₃O₄ core to prepare PAMAM-Fe3O4 core-shell nanostructures through Michael reaction. Studies show that 4th generation PAMAM dendrimers are effective phase transfer agents for SPIONs from organic media to water.

These SPIONs were characterised using suitable techniques and their biological compatibility was studied using MTT assay and simple staining techniques on Mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line.

Such type of functionalized SPIONs can be projected for their biomedical applications. They are already being used for their magnetic properties. They are a suitable candidate for improving the contrast in MRI imaging. Surface modification of such SPIONs opens greater dimensions to their applicability in biological arenas of research.

Biography:

Fahd S Khan is currently pursuing PhD from the School of Engineering, University of Tokyo. His focus of research has been the study of novel materials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂. Earlier he has completed his Masters in Thin Film Fabrication and Characterization, from the School of Science at the University of Tokyo. He has completed his Bachelors in Electrical Engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology in Pakistan.

Abstract:

The reduction of CO₂ has gained considerable attention due to the environmental concerns associated with the effect of greenhouse gases on our planet and the use of CO₂-reduced end-products for energy transport. Recently, the focus in electrochemical reduction of CO₂ has shifted from metal electrodes to new and novel materials. This study was conducted by employing a novel fabrication method of Arc Plasma Deposition (APD) to deposit a composite of copper and gold nano particles on FTO conductive glass. APD allows the nanoparticles to implant onto the substrate as opposed to the commonly used method of epitaxial growth or electro-deposition. This unique structure reduced the CO₂ to produce formic acid with up to 70% faradaic efficiency. Copper and gold nano particles have never previously been reported to produce formic acid with such high efficiency, suggesting that the co-deposition technique of implanted nanoparticles can provide an interesting future avenue in the field of electrochemical reduction of CO₂.

Biography:

Navjeet Kaur is pursuing her PhD from Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai in an interdisciplinary area of Nanoscience. She has three publications in peer reviewed journals arising from her previous project works. She is currently working on functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles and their use in biomedicine technology.

Abstract:

Ultra small sized Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are being explored for their highly potential applications across multiple fields. They have received special attention in biomedical fields for showing some promising directions in new-age medicine. They have been accepted as good contrast agents for MRI and now are being explored for newer applications. Biocompatibility of certain drugs and personalization of medicine have been the two persistent challenges which medical science is still struggling with. Suitable coating of nanoparticles can allow better acceptance and internalization of drugs. Dendrimers are one of the much accepted polymers which are attributed with great biocompatibility. This, along with their hyper branched structure, allows one to explore scope for attaching drugs, antibodies or markers. (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane APTES modified nanoparticles can be used as a core for such dendrimers of higher generations which possess potential as excellent bio-vehicles for drug delivery, localization and optimization. The work discussed in this poster mainly includes (APTES) modified Dendrimer Coated (DC) SPIONS. These DC SPIONS have been characterized for their chemical and physical properties using XRD, FITR, SEM, TGA etc. Mammalian cell line (Mouse fibroblasts) 3T3 was used to test the said particles for cytotoxicity using MTT assay. Cells were observed under phase contrast inverted microscope for morphological changes. The overall experimental results have indicated positivity towards the biological use of DC SPIONS synthesized in our laboratory. Upon optimization, the work will be carried forward to mice model studies where they shall be tested for their performance in vivo and for their comparative advantage over conventional methods of drug delivery.

Biography:

Juyoung Kim has completed his Master’s Degree from Hanyang University and has participated in Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) as a student researcher.

Abstract:

Heat sink is heat exchanger that transfers the heat from electronic device. When thermal radiation is reduced by dust accumulation on heat sink not only electronic device lifetime is reduced, but also a fire accident may occur due to heat radiation failure. To solve the dust accumulation phenomena on heat sink, super hydrophobic surface and high thermal conductivity must be applied on heat sink surface for implementing self-cleaning surface. In this study, the coating solution and process which satisfy the high thermal conductivity by utilizing the percolation threshold phenomenon and super hydrophobic surface with self-cleaning function by utilizing clustering and tangling phenomenon of MWCNT are developed. Coating solution is prepared on the basis of MWCNT and spray coated on aluminum specimen and then cured at 150 °C to produce a coating film. Each sample was analyzed by means of XPS to determine chemical bonds of inorganic binder, APTES, MWCNT. Clustering phenomenon of MWCNT was observed by using SEM analysis. The contact angle measurement result shows that the super hydrophobic surface above 160 ° and for the thermal conductivity measurement. To calculate thermal conductivity, density, specific heat and thermal diffusivity are measured. And then identified the coating film has high thermal conductivity of 201.9 W/m·K.

Biography:

Sabrina Conoci has received the Master of Science in Industrial Chemistry cum laude from the University of Bologna (Italy) in 1995 and has obtained her PhD in Engineering of Materials from the University of Lecce (Italy) in 2001 working one year at the University of Ottawa (Canada). Since 1999, she has been with STMic, Catania (Italy), covering several R&D positions in the field of nano-molecular devices, biosensors and biotechnologies. She is currently R&D Manager of the Advanced Sensor Technologies team. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journalism, 15 international patents and more than 100 communications to international congresses.

Abstract:

Metal nanoparticles are widely employed in molecular biology as facilitators of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the improvement of the efficiency. Various metal nanoparticles such as Pt, Ag and Au with various molecular capping layers have been investigated with this purpose. The efficiency enhancement mechanism is described in the literature as mainly due to both the excellent heat dispersion by the nanomaterial and the surface interaction with the DNA template and DNA-polymerase. There are very few examples reporting metal nanoparticles PCR facilitators immobilized on the micro-reactor surface. This is a key point for the development of genetic Point-of-Care (PoC) devices. In this contribution, we report the effect of gold nanoparticles immobilized at a micro-reactor surface on Real-Time PCR. The gold nanoparticles were prepared with the standard chemical reduction method and have been immobilized on plastic micro-reactor surface by casting mode. The PCR efficiency was evaluated in presence of different amounts of nanoparticles. The results prove that the nanomaterial is able to increase the polymerase chain reaction efficiency of about 1 Ct (corresponding to about one order of magnitude). The proposed approach is very promising for the application on PoC molecular diagnostics applications.

Biography:

Iva Falk has completed her PhD in the field of Medical Technologies. She is working at the Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology at the Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Brno, Czech Republic). She is participating in research that concerns the role of chromatin structure in regulation of cellular processes. Other research interests include DNA damage and repair, carcinogenesis, tumor cells radio-sensitization, and radiobiology.

Abstract:

Selective targeting of radiation effects to tumors represents a fundamental challenge in radiotherapy. Metal nanoparticles, such as gadolinium, gold, or platinum nanoparticles are preferentially internalized by tumor cells and have been recognized to locally amplify the radiation dose upon irradiation. Hence, nanoparticles delivered in tumor cells might increase tumor-specificity and efficiency of radiotherapy at the same time. The physical mechanisms related to the radiation dose amplification by nanoparticles have been already well described; however, cellular structures targeted by nanoparticles remain unknown. The DNA molecule is the most sensitive and critical cell structure in the cell concerning the effects of ionizing radiation. Hence, a crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radiosensitization exerted by gadolinium and other nanoparticles.

In this work, we studied the effect of 3 nm gadolinium based nanoparticles (GdBNs) on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with -rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSB detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immunodetection of two independent DSB markers, H2AX and 53BP1. Equivalent data for Au and Pt nanoparticles are just being analyzed.

Our experiments brought about quite surprising results. In the conditions where GdBNs amplify the radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm and their influence on DSB induction and repair is only insignificant. This suggests that the radiosensitization mediated by GdBNs and potentially other nanoparticles (of defined parameters) is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage (a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects). Based on recognized intracellular localization of nanoparticles studied, we hypothesize about possible non-DNA targets for (some) nanoparticles.

Biography:

Young Pyo Jeon has completed his PhD from Hanyang University and Postdoctoral studies from the Research Institute of Industrial Science at Hanyang University. He is the Team Leader of triboelectric nanogenerators in the nano quantum electronics laboratory, a member of the Korean Vacuum Society and the Korean Information Display Society. He has published more than 17 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Since Z. L. Wang’s pioneer work was introduced, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been extensively investigated to harvest electrical energy converted by mechanical energy in low frequency. The power generation of TENGs is significantly involved in the electrostatic force of friction layers because the contact between the frictional materials allows electron flows after the change on the electrostatic force of friction layers. In recent, the research on TENGs with various combinations of friction layers such as metals, Tafron, inorganic, organic materials and water have been conducted. However, the applications and new concept devices for TENGs are still limited and needed to investigate. Thus, we have suggested TENGs based polyurethane/polyester textile substrate to suggest new applications for TENGs. For the textile substrate, UV-curing resin deposited on the polyurethane/polyester textile substrate to improve the morphology of the textile substrate. We spin-coated the resin on the textile substrate and the textile substrate was exposed by 365 nm UV lamp for 1 hour. Scanning electron microscopy images show the surface of the textile substrate with and without the resin polarization layer. The TENGs based on polyurethane/polyester textile substrate containing Al electrodes and a polyimide friction layer are measured a vertical contact-separation mode and the TENGs exhibited a peak potential of over 100 V, which is about 10 times larger than that of the device without resin polarization layer. By further studies, flexible endurance and water resistance testes are carried to verify the distinction of the TENGs based on textile substrate. This research presents solution-processed TENGs based on polyurethane/polyester textile substrate with resin polarization layer and the power generation and the reliability of the TENGs utilizing resin polarization layer are significantly enhanced compared with the TENGs without the resin polarization layer.

Biography:

Chia-Hsing Wu has received his PhD in Electro-Optical Engineering from Tatung University (Taiwan) in 2015. He join the 2D materials group as Postdoctoral Researcher of Center for Semiconductor Technology Research in National Chiao Tung University in 2018. His current research interests are in the synthesis technology of 2D semiconductors (TMDs) for low power logic device applications.

Abstract:

In this study, hetero-epitaxy of In_xSe_y thin films grown on GaAs(100) and c-plane sapphire substrates by using molecular beam epitaxy were demonstrated. A phase transformation between γ-In₂Se₃ and InSe were observed as varying In/Se vapor pressure ratios. The crystal structure were defined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The pure γ-In₂Se₃ with In/Se ratio of 0.67 was achieved on GaAs(100) substrate at 400 ℃. In contract, pure InSe with hexagonal structure were achieved on c-plane sapphire as In/Se ratio near 1.04. In the photoluminescence spectrum (PL) of γ-In₂Se_3, the free exciton emissions was determined at 2.141 eV. The active energy of γ-In₂Se₃ was around 45 meV which determined by temperature dependent PL. It implies that the γ-In₂Se₃ is potentially applied in the opto-electric devices. Hxagonal InSe with layered structure would be promising for 2D semicondutor application.